R4RIN.com – MCQs, Mock Tests | Political Science-[FPSC-U.S A. CSS] (USA) Political Science International Relations and World Organizations Set-2

1. Post-colonial feminists:
Work on gender, race and class on a global scale
Look into how femininity is constructed
Suggest that liberal feminists have in some cases been cultural imperialists
Both (a) and (c)

2. Foucault focuses on the power-knowledge relationship and sees the two as:
Independent
Mutually constitutive
Contradictory
None of the above

3. Derrida argues that:
The world can be grasped using a rationalist approach
The world cannot be grasped but has to be interpreted
The world is inexplicable
The view of the world depends on your position in society

4. How do post-modernists react to the criticism that their theories are too theoretical and not concerned with the real world?
In the social world there is no such thing as real
It doesnt matter that its too theoretical
Theory is the instrument of change
None of the above

5. Edward Said argues in his book Orientalism:
That knowledge and material power can be separated but only be those from the Orient
That knowledge and material power cannot be separated
That Western culture was fundamentally interttwined with imperialism and hegemonically represented the East
Both (b) and (c)

6. What is meant by national security?
Security of a country defined in socio-economic terms
Security largely defined in militarized terms
Security based on a countrys domestic politics
None of the above

7. Why is uncertainty so crucial to the realist account of security?
Because it causes the system to be anarchic
Because it leads to lack of trust in the international system
Because it changes the balance of power in the international system
None of the above

8. What is the main role of the World Bank?
To be a forum for trade and liberalization
To assist countries in drvelopment
To facilitate private investment around the world
All of the above

9. What is meant by the Washington Consensus?
The consensus in Washington about matters of foreign policy
The ten point guideline to liberal economic reform for development around the world
The ten point guideline for economic growth in Europe
The ten point neo-liberal guideline for progress in the US

10. Why do states undertake protectionist measures?
To assist private in vestment
To keep competitive foreign goods from flooding the market
To keep stable exchange rates
All of the above

11. What does structural adjustment involve?
Measures to reduce inflation
Measures to curb government expenditure
Deregulation
All of the above

12. What is the mercantilist view of IPE?
The world economy is where states seek to maximize their wealth and independence relative to other states
The world economy is an arena of capitalist competition in which social groups are always in conflict
Free trade and free movement of capital shape the policies of governments and economic factors
None of the above

13. What is Dependency Theory?
Economic activity in the richer countries often leads to serious economic problems in the poorer countries
Economics development of poorer countries is positively dependent on economical growth of richer countries
Economic growth is beneficial to al
None of the above

14. Under what conditions will states create international institutions?
For mutual gains
Only where position relative to other states is not affected
They arise as reflections of identities and interest of states and groups which are themselves forged though interactions
Depends on the school of thought

15. What does Jus and bellum means?
Justice and Beauty
Justice and Order
The principle that states must observe treaties
Laws of war governing when it is legal to use force to or wage war

16. What is necessary before a rule can be considered customary international law?
Evidence of general state practice
That it is enshrined in a treaty
Evidence that states accept such practice as law
Both (b) and (c)

17. What are the three levels of institutions in modern international society?
States, NGOs, IGOs
Constitutional institutions, fundamental institutions, and regimes
Local, national and international
None of the above

18. What are the distinctive characteristics of the modern institution of international law?
A peculiar language of reasoning and argument
Multilateral form of legislation
A strong discourse of institutional autonomy
All of the above

19. How has the nature and scope of international society been conditioned by international legal instruments?
They have defined the nature of legitimate statehood
They have clarified the bounds of rightful state action, international and domestic
B. Legal instruments have given it a code of ethics, and a universal standard of order
Both (b) and (c)

20. What are the distinctive characteristics of international legal arguments?
They tend to be bound by the policies of states
They are limited to the scope of the legislation at hand
They are rhetorical as well as logical
Both (b) and (c)

21. What is legal positivism?
The idea that legal rules have legitimacy when from their logical and practical derivation form a fundamental grundnorm
The idea that natural law is no different than positive law, and that they are interdependent
The inea that authority of legal rules comes from their status as the commands of a sovereign authority
Both (b) and (c)

22. How important is the security dilemma for realist understandings of world politics?
Very important, as it determines how, or if, a balance of power emerges
Very important, as it determines if balance of power emerges naturally or must be constructed
Important, but not crucial to realist understandings of world politics
Both (a) and (b)

23. What is understood by survival ?
The need to provide shelter, nutrition and education in a state
It is the supreme national interest to which all political leaders must adhere
The primary objective of all states
Both (b) and c

24. Realists are:
Advocates of aggressive foreign policy and war
Supporters of war when it is necessary to further a rational understanding of the national interest
Concerned with economic development only
Afraid terrorism will make the world a less secure place

25. What is the state of war?
A state that is aggressive and always building up its military
The conditions when there is no actual conflict but a permanent cold war that could become a real war at any time
A situation in which several or neighboring states are at war
None of the above

26. What are the reasons to think that the 21st century will be a realist century?
Africa is still plagued by civil conflict
Europe continues to be divided by national interests
Human rights assumptions are increasingly seen as a Western agenda backed by economic dollars and military divisions
Both (b) and (c)

27. The claims of liberalism are:
All citizens are juridically equal and have equal rights to education, access to free press, religious tolerance
The legislative assembly of the state possess only those powers vested in it by the people
Liberty of the individual is the right to own property including productive forces
All of the above

28. Neo-liberals share with neo-realists their belief in:
The anarchic international structure and centrality of states
Theory of international regimes
That anarchy does not mean durable patterns of cooperation are impossible
All of the above

29. According to David Held what would a comopolitan model of democracy entail?
The creation of regional parliaments
Human rights conventions must be entrenched into national parliaments and monitored by a new International Court of Human Rights
Reform and/or replacement of the UN with a more accountable global parliaments and monitored by a new International Court of Human Rights
All of the above

30. Radical liberals place importance on:
The civilizing capacity of global civil society
Rule of law and institutions
International laws
All of the above

31. Define Collective Security
Each state in a system abides by international law
Each state in a system accepts that security for one is security for all and agrees to join in a collective response to aggression
Each state in a system contributes to collective security by maximizing its security self-interest
None of the above

32. The idea of Democratic Peace is:
A central plank of liberal internationalist thought
That liberal polities exhibit restraint in their relations with other liberal polities
That liberal polities are imprudent in relations with authoritarian states
All of the above

33. Why has the neo-neo debate dominated international theory?
The debate has not dominated international theory?
Because it represents a debate between paradigms that define an agenda for research, policymaking, the field of study
Because academics want to keep the debate alive by inventing new theories
None of the above

34. Why has it been a particularly American phenomenon?
Because the brain-drain has resulted in most academics in International Relations to be in American institutions
Because it is a debate among rule makers , and the United States needs to define a direction for its approach to foreign policy
Because the US is today s hegemony
All of the above

35. What are the core assumptions of neo-realists?
The structure of the system is a major determinant of actor behaviour
States are rational factors, selecting strategies to maximize benefits and minimize losses
The most critical problem presented by anarchy is survival
All of the above

36. What are the core assumptions of neo-liberals?
States seek to maximize absolute gains through cooperation
The greatest obstacle to cooperation is cheating
States will shift loyalty to institutions if they are seen as mutually beneficial and if they provide states with increasing opportunities to secure their international interests
All of the above

37. Why are game-theoretic approaches so suited to neo-neo work?
Because game-theoretic approaches are easier to understand
Game-theoretic approaches are not suited to realist work
Because this approach allows an analysis of relative and absolute gains, which is a central point of the neo-neo debate
None of the above

38. What are the three types of liberalism?
Liberalism, neo-liberalism and post-liberalism
Northern liberalism, southern liberalism and compassionate liberalism
Commercial liberalism, republican liberalism and sociological liberalism
Neo-liberal internationalism, sociological liberalism, liberal institutionalism

39. What is left out of the neo-neo debate?
The role of domestic politics
The possibility leaders learn from their experiences
Political globalization and the shift of political activity away from the state
All of the above

40. What is globalization according to Waltz?
A great opportunity for free trade to expand in the world
A fad of the 1990s
The new international order
A force that causes states to lose control over their institutions

41. What is the materialist conception of history?
Processes of historical change are a reflection of the economic development of a society
Processes of economic change are based in history
Processes of historical change are based in class war
None of the above

42. What is the relationship between base and superstructure?
The change in the economic base of a society leads to the change in superstructure
The change in superstructure leads to the change in the economic base of a society
Both (a) and (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)

43. Immanuel Wallerstein argues:
There are two types of world systems: world-empires and world economies
The modern world system is a world economy
The world system has a core, semi-periphery and periphery
All of the above

44. Antonio Gramsci s view of power is:
It comes out of a barrel of a gun
It is a mixture of coercion and consent
It is purely economic
None of the these

45. Gramsci shifted the focus of Marxist analysis through which of the following ideas?
Hegemony is a product of the lack of class conflict
That consents for a particular social and political system was produced and reproduced through the operation of hegemony
Both (a) and (b)
None of the above

46. According to critical theorists, what is emancipation ?
A reconciliation with power
Humanity gaining power over nature
A reconciliation with nature
None of the above

47. What are the main concerns of the members of the Frankfurt School?
The social basis and nature of authoritarianism
The structure of the family
The concepts of reason and rationality
All of the above

48. Marxist see globalization as:
An anomaly in the history of the development of capitalism
A part of long-term trends in the development of capitalism
Something to be prevented
None of the above

49. According to Robert Keohane, what is the greatest weakness of the reflective schools?
The lack of a clear reflective program that could be employed by students of world politics
The lack of quantitative evidence to prove their assertions
The lack of qualitative data to prove their assertions
None of the above

50. Which background factors sponsor the rise of constructivism?
The rise of liberalism
The end of the cold war, which triggered the prominence of non-traditional security issues, transnationalism, human rights
The rise of Islam
None of the above

51. What disciplines did constructivists draw from?
Positivism
Classical political philosophy
Sociological theory
Micro economics

52. How did constructivism offer new insight into the study of international relations?
It focused on the decision-makers and their backgrounds
It looked at how diplomatic institutions are constructed
It demonstrated how attention to norms and states identities could help uncover previously neglected
None of the above

53. What is social theory concerned with?
It is concerned with the interaction of individuals with international agents
It is concerned with how to conceptualise the relationship between agents and structures
It is concerned with the way government structures determine social and individual behaviour
All of the above

54. What are stories about of diffusion?
Explanations about how particular organizational models, practices, norms, strategies, or beliefs spread within a population
Ides of how an ideology becomes widespread
An obscure mechanical problem in automobiles
None of the above

55. What are the causes of diffusion of social institutions?
Coercion and strategic competition
Formal and informal pressures: symbolic or economic
Recommendation of professional associations and expert communities
All of the above

56. What are the three stages of the life cycle of norms?
Norm imposition, norm rejection, norm decline
Norm emergence, norm rejection norm internalisation
Norm emergence, norm climax norm decline
None of the above

57. In yecent years which of the following developments have undermined realism?
Neo-liberal institutionalism
Globalization
Positivism
All of the above

58. Theories can be distinguished according to whether they are:
Explanatory or constitutive
Foundational or anti-foundational
Liberal or anti-liberal
Both (a) and (b)

59. The three main theories comprising the inter-paradigm debate were based on which positivist assumption?
The three main theories comprising the inter-paradigm debate were based on which positivist assumption?
That social science should aim to use the same methodology as science
That human beings are rational
None of the above

60. Contemporary historical sociology looks at:
How societies developed before the middle ages
Interaction between states, classes, capitalism and war
It does not look at feminism and post-modernism
Both (a) and (b)

61. he key distinction in normative theory is between:
Cosmopolitanism and communitarianism
Cosmopolitanism and post modernism
Feminism and post modernism
Communitarianism and post modernism